Welcome to:Nigerian Educational Digest (NED)

This paper is a comparative study of borrowed words in both Hausa and Yorùbá Languages. Nigeria is a multi-lingual nation, having many languages. Out of these numerous languages, three were recognized as regional languages, they are Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. But we have regional Languages that are regarded as official languages of the regions, this is how we have Hausa, Igbo and Yorùbá as indigenous languages. This paper works on how Hausa and Yoruba borrowed words from different languages around them. It discusses the various ways the two languages borrow, and from the languages the loan words are from The adaptability of the borrowed words into the languages were discussed. The theory used for this work is optimality because it is a theory of general model of how grammars are structured and a model of the organization of natural human language sound system. It established that borrowing is not alien in the world languages. At the end, we established that no language is an Island of its own, this makes the two languages in question to borrow words to enrich their vocabulary and add to their lexicon. The various words borrowed were itemized in different ways and for different purposes. The findings shows that both languages have loan words as a result of typological patterns and other interaction between the two languages and the languages they borrowed words from.

The study explored the relationship between compensation management and employee performance in the service industry with a specific reference to the hospitality industry in Kwara state. The study was anchored on three (3) main theory, Economic Theory of Minimum Wage, Vroom’s Expectancy Theory Herzberg-motivation-hygiene Theory. The study employs a survey research design that allows for the use of questionnaires to elicit information from respondents. The study's real population is the entire staff of hotels and resorts in the service industry's sub-sector. The findings show that the impact of the reward system on employees’ performance in the Hotels and resorts in Kwara state is significant at (R2 = 0.98; P=0.000). This shows that intrinsic rewards proxies such as salaries, wages, bonus and incentives contribute significantly to employees’ performance in Hotels and resorts in Kwara State. As a result, it is important to state that salary management is a crucial and essential question for the organization's operation and control. Because workers take pay equity at work seriously, companies of labour should make sure that their pay is equitable when compared to other sectors in the same or comparable industries.

Social media is a co computer based technology that aids in the facilitation of ideas, thoughts and information through web- based communication networks which include facebook, instagram, twitter, youtube and TikTok. These networks especially, facebook , instagram and twitter have been integrated into most Christina missionary activities because of their abilities to expose their doctrines, ideas and practices almost unrestrained to all nations of the world. Infact, nations that hitherto have been classified unreachable by the gospel are been penetrated through social media. This paper therefore examines Christian evangelism, social media, social media and Christian evangelism, highlighted observations on hos social media is being used, with recommendations for proper usage towards fulfilling the divine mandate of reaching all nations with the gospel.

It is a well known fact that Nigeria as a country is facing different problems ranging from kidnapping, armed banditry, political assassinations, human trafficking etc. However, the most disturbing and even more dangerous problem is insurgency. Insurgency is a global phenomenon that impacts on lives and properties. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the impacts of Boko Haram’s insurgency and violence on women in Northeastern Nigeria. The paper is anchored or explained better based on theoretical analysis. The problem of insurgency is virtually affecting all sectors of Nigeria, including security, education, economy, social political development, and more importantly its violence against the women-folk in Nigeria especially in North-Eastern part of the country. The paper posits that insurgency unleashes violence against women and remains a threat to safety of lives and properties of women. The study recommended that government should be proactive in dealing with security issues and violence through modern methods of intelligence gathering, training, and use of advanced technology. The paper also recommends that women in Nigeria should be given active roles to play in governance of this country.

Youth are special in their approach to almost everything. Hence, the importance of understudying young people in order to help them sail through the youthful stage without ‘hitting icebergs that will capsize their boat’ cannot be overemphasized. Knowing fully well that church leaders relate with these teeming youth on regular basis, this study investigated the perception of church leaders on youth culture, with a particular interest in campus-based neighbourhood Baptist churches. A descriptive survey research design was used; the population of the study were leaders of churches that are near higher institution campuses within Ekiti Baptist Conference. One hundred (100) leaders were sampled from nine (9) churches close to educational institutions, but seventy (70) church leaders responded to the questionnaire. The instrument used for data gathering was a validated researcher-designed questionnaire with Cronbach’s Alpha correlation co-efficient value ‘r’ of 0.804. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive analysis of percentages and the percentages were ranked. Wearing of dreadlocks ranked highest as the predominant culture in the perception of church leaders, with a mean score of 1.25. On the other hand, the use of slang ranked lowest with a mean score of 0.78. Considering the importance of youth culture to young people, this study recommends that church leaders should be more deliberate to understand youth cultures that are peculiar to their environment. Youth discipleship should also be given priority in order to shape youth properly for effective imparts among their peers.

The article aimed at studying the literary works written in Arabic by Arab scholars from the west. i.e Magrib region: Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia in collaboration with the scholars from the Northern part of Nigeria to promote both Arabic and Islamic culture in Nigeria. The study examine, analyse and expose the beauty, the aesthetic and the style in these literary works. The writers used historical and descriptive methods to examine their literary works.From the findings, the article concludes that their literary works have been found to be very instrumental in advancing the creative arts in Arabic, the art of translation, techniques of teaching Arabic language, calligraphy in Arabic, e.t.c among the Nigerian writers. The writer recommends that Nigeria government needs to make Arabic language an official language, while the major stakeholders need to give incentives to the learners.

La structure sociale patriarcale a été souvent considérée comme l’une des causes primaires des violences contre les femmes et les jeunes filles. La société africaine par son système de valeurs et de normes assigne des rôles souvent complémentaires plutôt que conflictuels pour l’homme et pour la femme, mais malgré des années de lutte féministe, il existe encore aujourd’hui des traces de la perpétuation des pratiques traditionnelles africaines avilissantes envers la femme surtout dans les relations intimes ou dans le mariage, et qui sont parfois considérées comme des violences domestiques. Ce travail examine spécifiquement le concept de la violence conjugale sous un angle sociologique. L'inégalité entre les sexes est le résultat de la discrimination persistante fondée sur le sexe et elle se manifeste différemment selon la race, la culture, la politique, le pays et la situation économique. Cette inégalité de genre est considérée comme un facteur qui influe sur la violence surtout contre les femmes.et les filles et influe aussi profondément sur la qualité de vie de la femme, épouse, mère et fille à la fois. La violence conjugale peut être sexuelle, physique, économique, psychologique, verbale ou émotionnelle selon le cas exercées souvent par l’homme au sein de la de la famille et peuvent se produire simultanément, elles ne sont pas exclusives l’un de l’autre. Le roman Vie de femme, vie de sang Azaratou Baboni est une histoire de la lutte sociale pour l’émancipation des femmes africaines qui est vue dans une vision essentiellement africaine.

The proliferation of e-learning in recent time due to COVID 19 pandemic has mount more pressure on the need for online resources consumption. Literature has it that difficult topics in biology were the most online resource visited frequently which the concept of evolution falls into difficult topic to teach and to learn in Biology.Studies have established that misconceptions and alternative conceptions held by students are major barriers to meaningful learning. The survey type of descriptive research method was adopted in the study. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 90 online Biology resources which were grouped into three categories based on ownerships i.e. educational institutional, corporate organization, and blogger websites. Three instruments, namely; Misconceptions in Online Biology Resource Content Analysis Template (MOBRCAT), and Alternative Conceptions in Online Biology resources Content Analysis Template (ACOBRCAT) and a questionnaire, “Students’ Frequently Visited Biology Websites (SFVBW)” were the researcher designed instruments used for data gathering. Data collected were analyzed using inter -rater analysis and percentages. The findings of the study were that:misconceptions and alternative conceptions existed in the contents of senior school online resources on Evolution on websites hosted by bloggers (100%), and none on educational institution websites and corporate organization websites. This implies that online resources are also a source of misconceptions and alternative conceptions of Biology concepts, which could contribute to students’ poor performance in Biology. It was therefore recommended that Biology students, teachers, and researchers need to be sensitive and selective on the categories of websites that hosted online Biology resources.

The paper discusses socio-political indices in African drama: A satirical interpretation of Soyinka’s King Baabu. The objective of the paper is to expose the evils of the military in government as shown in the primary text and to explore satirist approach as inherent in King Baabu. In this respect, satire is employed as a theoretical frame work upon which the paper is hinged. The method of the analysis is analytical glued with the aim of discussing the socio –political indices inherent in the drama text. The findings show that dictatorship, selfishness, greed, bribery and corruption etc are responsible for dictatorship in the African post-colonial era an instance which was witnessed in Nigeria during military rule. The paper concludes that military government should not be encouraged in African states because of its inability to embrace democracy. The paper further recommends that African states should embrace democracy as it gives room for masses to air their voices.